Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women in Africa. Early detection can save lives, but many women are diagnosed late due to lack of awareness, stigma, or limited access to screening services. Understanding the early warning signs is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. This article highlights the 10 early symptoms of breast cancer most commonly seen in African women, along with practical advice for when to seek medical help.
1. A Lump in the Breast or Underarm
The most common early sign is a painless lump in the breast or armpit. It may feel hard or rubbery and doesn’t move easily. In African women, due to dense breast tissue, lumps can go unnoticed unless self-exams are done regularly.
Tip: Check your breasts once a month after your period. If you feel a new lump, visit a health facility immediately.
2. Change in Breast Size or Shape
Unusual swelling or shrinking of one breast compared to the other could indicate an underlying tumor. Some women in Africa delay seeking care, assuming these changes are normal or related to breastfeeding or menstruation.
Note: Normal hormonal changes affect both breasts. If only one breast changes significantly, get checked.
3. Skin Changes on the Breast
Breast cancer can cause the skin to look red, scaly, or puckered like an orange peel (peau d’orange). Infections like mastitis can mimic these symptoms, so it’s vital to differentiate them.
Watch out for: Persistent rashes, thickening, or ulcers on the breast that don’t heal within two weeks.
4. Nipple Discharge (Especially if Bloody)
Any discharge from the nipple, particularly bloody or clear fluid (not milk), should be evaluated. This is especially important in women not breastfeeding or pregnant.
Important: Most nipple discharges are not cancerous, but bloody discharge is a red flag.
5. Nipple Retraction or Inversion
If your nipple suddenly turns inward or flattens, it could indicate a tumor pulling on surrounding tissue. In African women, such signs may be hidden due to darker skin tones or lack of prior awareness.
Don’t ignore: New changes in nipple direction or shape.
6. Pain in the Breast or Armpit
While most breast cancers are painless, some women report dull or sharp pain in the breast or armpit, especially if the tumor is pressing on nerves.
Note: Ongoing, unexplained breast pain should not be ignored—especially if it’s one-sided.
7. Swollen Lymph Nodes Under the Arm or Collarbone
Breast cancer often spreads to nearby lymph nodes. A swollen, firm node under your arm or above the collarbone that doesn’t go away could be an early sign.
Check for: Lumps in these areas during your self-exam.
8. Skin Ulceration or Open Wounds on the Breast
In late-presenting cases common in some African settings, breast cancer may appear as an open sore or wound that does not heal. This is serious and requires immediate medical attention.
Warning: Do not treat these ulcers at home or with herbal remedies—seek care urgently.
9. Unexplained Weight Loss or Fatigue
Though not specific to breast cancer, sudden weight loss or ongoing tiredness without a clear cause may indicate that cancer is spreading in the body.
Remember: These symptoms are more concerning when combined with other breast changes.
10. Itching or Burning in the Nipple Area
Some aggressive forms of breast cancer, like inflammatory breast cancer, can cause itching, redness, and burning. These signs are often mistaken for infections or insect bites.
If symptoms persist despite treatment, ask for a breast cancer evaluation.
Conclusion: Early Detection Saves Lives
Many African women still present with late-stage breast cancer, reducing the chances of successful treatment. Knowing the 10 early signs and performing regular self-breast exams can lead to early diagnosis and better outcomes.
What to Do:
- Do a self-breast exam monthly.
- Report any changes to a health worker immediately.
- Encourage sisters, mothers, and friends to learn the signs.
Remember: Breast cancer is not a death sentence—early detection is the best protection.